malkum and playing role in ottoman tanzimat

mirza malkum khan nazem al-dowleh, the famous iranian thinker and politician of the nineteenth century, spent about ten years in the ottoman empire during the period of tanzimat and was associated with important figures in tanzimat and the first ottoman constitutional era such as foad pasha, aali pasha and medhat pasha. later, he claimed that he had written the important tanzimats figure, foad pasha’s will and had proposed a plan to the ottoman court which the constitution of the first ottoman constitutional era had been written based on that plan. also, writing aali pasha’s will has been ascribed to him. the compliance of these claims with reality is the issue which is studied in this research using descriptive and analytic method as well as malkum’s writings and documents and credible historical sources. and this fundamental question is answered whether his claims comply with the available facts in this regard.     keywords: malkum, ottoman tanzimat, the constitution of the first ottoman constitutional era, foad pasha, aali pasha, medhat pasha